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Thơ mới
Thơ mới (literally "New Poetry") was a literary movement in 1930s colonial Vietnam, abandoning the stylized forms of Chinese-influenced poetry in Sino-Vietnamese chu Nom for free verse in Latin-alphabet quoc ngu.〔''The Princeton Encyclopedia of Poetry and Poetics'' 2012 Page 1519 ed. Roland Greene, Stephen Cushman, Clare Cavanagh "The thât ngôn bát cú, seven syllables and eight lines styled after the lüshi form, became the preferred poetic pattern until the thơ mới period at the beginning of the 20th c."〕〔Culture and Customs of Vietnam - Page 76 Mark W. McLeod, Thi Dieu Nguyen - 2001 "Western-style poetry was the first genre to be seized upon, with French romanticism and free verse stimulating a movement for tho moi, or "new poetry," free verse in quoc ngu as opposed to the stylized forms hitherto employed in Chinese and ..."〕 The initial impetus was the result of exposure to French poetry,〔New American writing: Issues 22-23 2004 "The "Tho Moi" (New Poetry) of the 1930s Influenced by the romantic and symbolist trends in 19th century French poetry, Vietnamese poets during the 1930s, who had been immersed in the French language by way of French colonial schools, ..."〕 and failures in attempts to translate Verlaine or Baudelaire into the old Chinese-derived poetry forms.〔Vietnamese Tradition on Trial, 1920-1945 - Page 166 David G. Marr - 1984 "The writers of "New Poetry (Tho Moi) were in an analogous situation, discarding Chinese and nom meters only when it became obvious that Verlaine or Baudelaire could not be adequately translated in that manner.82"〕 Since the 1950s most poetry in Vietnam is written in free verse.〔Ears on fire: snapshot essays in a world of poets Gary Mex Glazner - 2002 "Tho Moi is new poetry or free verse. As in the West, most poetry written today is free verse."〕 The "New Poetry" did not just depart from Sino-Vietnamese poetic forms and script, it also introduced more lyrical, emotional and individualistic expression.〔Asian and African studies: Volume 9 Slovenská akadémia vied. Kabinet orientalistiky - 1974 "This involved the movement of "The New Poetry" (Tho moi) which stood up against the canons of Vietnamese classical prosody. It was predominantly lyrical poetry with an enormous range of feelings and an ability to express individualism."〕
This poetic movement was contemporary with, and inter-related with, the French realism-inspired realist novels of the Tu Luc Van Doan ("Self-Strengthening Literary Group").〔Vietnamese studies review: Issues 1-3 Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (Australia). Office of International Programs - 1997 "... the new prose works of Tu Luc Van Doan (Self-Strength Literary Club) and the literature of realism, some poetic peaks in the campaign of Tho Moi (new poetry) and, in its last stage, an experimental impact on critics, research and debates."〕
==Notable poets==
Among the poets of the "New Poetry," Nguyễn Khắc Hiếu, better known by pen-name Tản Đà, (1889–1939) was one of the transitional poets between the old and "New."〔Jack Andrew Yeager, The Vietnamese novel in French: a literary response to colonialism University of New Hampshire - 1987 "Nguyen Khac Kieu (who used the pseudonym Tan Da) is considered a great poet of the time, even the poet laureate of Viet Nam.41 A transitional figure, his work bridged the gap between classical poetry and what came to be known as New Poetry (Tho Moi), a movement that triumphed in the late 1930s."〕 In terms of literary criticism, Hoài Thanh (1909-1982) was the first to make a systematic comparison of the Tho Moi movement with Western poetry.〔Viet Nam social sciences 1999 "Here, for the first time Hoai Thanh made a systematic comparison of Tho Moi (New Poetry) movement with Western poetry. He pointed out the influence of French poetry on Tho moi, an important influence besides the influence of the tradition ..."〕
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